Fig. 3
Stimulation of murine macrophages with UV-inactivated wild type KW1, KW2 and L. plantarum WCFS1 cells. LPS from E. coli was used as a positive control of stimulation. The macrophages (1 × 106) were stimulated with 1 × 108 UV-inactivated bacteria for 48 h, and the fold change in the presence of key surface proteins of antigen presenting cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data are presented as the mean of fold change in MFI between stimulated and unstimulated samples ± SEM. The MFI of the individual surface markers was found by using a single cell → mononuclear cell → Live → MFI of specific surface marker gating strategy. The mean percentages of live macrophages stimulated with KW1, KW2, WCFS1 and LPS were 98.4, 97.4, 97.0 and 92.7, respectively. The figure shows two (KW2) or three biological replicates. Pairwise two-tailed T-tests were performed between all stimulated samples and the unstimulated sample to test for statistical differences. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001