Table 2 Key performance indicators of U. maydis itaconate producer strains. KPIs from batch and fed-batch cultivation experiments with the engineered (ori) and additionally evolved (evo) strain are derived either directly from measurements or via process modelling (1.5 L fed-batch only). All values represent time-dependent maxima, and the referenced phase (b = batch, f = feed, o = overall) is given in brackets

Condition

Pure glycerol

Crude glycerol

Crude glycerol

Crude glycerol

Molasses (b)

Crude glycerol (f)

Molasses (b)

Crude glycerol (f)

Itaconate titre [g L^− 1]

55.43

51.14

74.48

75.54

90.93

72.04

Itaconate yield [g g^− 1]

0.49

0.45

0.328 (b)

0.669 (f)

0.253 (b)

0.512 (f)

0.33 (o)

0.34 (o)

Specific growth rate [h^− 1]

-

-

0.053 (b)

0.0 (f)

0.091 (b)

0.0 (f)

-

-

Glycerol uptake rate [g g_CDW h^− 1]

-

-

0.065 (b)

0.044 (f)

0.096 (b)

0.048 (f)

-

-

Itaconate production rate [g g_CDW h^− 1]

-

-

0.031 (b)

0.029 (f)

0.036 (b)

0.025 (f)

-

-

Itaconate productivity [g L^− 1 h^− 1]

0.23 (o)

0.22 (o)

0.16 (o)

0.17 (o)

0.44 (o)

0.54 (o)