Fig. 3

Effect of culture temperatures on the crocetin dialdehyde production of the Z1pC strain in batch bioreactor fermentations. Batch bioreactor fermentations of the crocetin dialdehyde-producing Z1pC strain were performed with the same culture parameters except for the culture temperature: 37 ℃, 30 ℃, or 20 ℃. (A) Cell growth, glycerol consumption, and crocetin dialdehyde production at three different temperatures. (B) The time-course mRNA expression level of CsCCD2 in Z1pC strain cultures at three different temperatures and analyzed using RT-qPCR. Relative expression level is presented by normalizing with the expression level of the cysG gene (a reference gene). (C) The time-course protein expression level of the CsCCD2 enzyme at three different temperatures was analyzed on the SDS-PAGE gels. An arrow indicates a band corresponding to the CsCCD2 enzyme of the calculated size of 63 kDa. All experiments, including bioreactor fermentations, were performed in biological triplicate, and error bars represent mean ± SD