Fig. 5

Tr4475 functional characterization. A Confocal microscopy shows that Tr44175::GFP localizes to the S. cerevisiae plasma membrane. Confocal microscopy pictures were taken in both differential interference contrast (DIC) and fluorescence modes and then merged (Tr44175::GFP). B Design of Sc_Tr44175_BGL1 cells with a vector expressing the transporter fused with GFP and a vector carrying a β-glucosidase encoding gene gh1-1 from N. crassa. C Design of Sc_Tr44175_BGL1B cells with a vector carrying the transporter fused with GFP and a vector expressing a β-glucosidase encoding gene An03g03740 (designated bgl1B) from A. niger. D Growth of S. cerevisiae strain Sc_Tr44175_BGL1in YNB supplemented with 5 g/L, 10 g/L, or 20 g/L cellobiose concentrations. E Growth of S. cerevisiae strain Sc_Tr44175_BGL1B in the presence of 8 mg/L, 16 mg/L, and 24 mg/L of sophorose concentrations. F Growth of S. cerevisiae strain Sc_Tr44175_BGL1 in YNB supplemented with 12 mg/L of cellotriose or 16 mg/L of cellotetraose concentrations. The control strain contains the pRH195d empty vector and the gene encoding β-glucosidase GH1-1 or BGL1B. Yeast cells, when inoculated on media containing glucose or cellobiose, were incubated at 30 °C for 120 h, while those on media containing cellotriose, cellotetraose, or sophorose were incubated for 192 h