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Table 2 PLSR analysis of offline (at-line) HTS-FT-Raman spectral data

From: Raman spectroscopy online monitoring of biomass production, intracellular metabolites and carbon substrates during submerged fermentation of oleaginous and carotenogenic microorganisms

Analysis

Control

Bypass loop

Range

R2CV (A)

RMSE

Range

R2CV (A)

RMSE

Rhodotorula

Glucose (g/L)

0.04–53.81

0.93 (2)

4.86 (9.0%)

0.03–52.54

0.91 (2)

5.65 (10.7%)

Cell dry weight (g/L)

0.32–18.60

0.94 (2)

1.47 (7.9%)

0.32–18.01

0.93 (2)

1.47 (8.2%)

Total lipids (%w/w)

4.96–65.54

0.98 (3)

3.08 (4.7%)

5.57–67.04

0.98 (3)

3.24 (4.8%)

Total lipids (g/L)

0.02–12.18

0.90 (2)

1.33 (10.9%)

0.02–11.98

0.88 (2)

1.42 (11.9%)

Total carotenoids (‰w/w)

0–11.88

0.88 (2)

1.51 (12.7%)

0–12.62

0.88 (1)

1.66 (13.1%)

Total carotenoids (mg/L)

0–162.23

0.97 (2)

11.06 (6.8%)

0–166.51

0.99 (3)

6.3 (3.8%)

Schizochytrium

Glycerol (g/L)

12.53–53.75

0.93 (4)

3.29 (6.1%)

13.86–54.17

0.94 (4)

2.78 (5.1%)

Cell dry weight (g/L)

2.36–26.56

0.76 (2)

3.23 (12.2%)

2.98–26.31

0.90 (4)

2.05 (7.8%)

Total lipids (%w/w)

13.97–56.13

0.89 (4)

4.48 (8.0%)

10.87–41.50

0.60 (1)

3.99 (9.6%)

Total lipids (g/L)

0.33–13.87

0.76 (2)

1.81 (13.1%)

0.32–9.22

0.87 (4)

1.44 (15.6%)

Total carotenoids (‰w/w)

0.05–0.54

0.50 (1)

0.11 (20.4%)

0.03–0.39

0.19 (1)

0.15 (38.5%)

Total carotenoids (mg/L)

0.16–8.63

0.81 (3)

1.15 (17.5%)

0.21–8.87

0.81 (5)

0.97 (10.9%)

  1. Coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square errors (RMSE) of prediction for determination of glucose/glycerol, cell dry weight, total FAME lipids, and total carotenoids, with the number of components in parenthesis (Aopt), for the regression analyses with cross validation. The PLSR models were built on the data of the control bioreactor and of the bioreactor with on-line FT-Raman flow measurement cell in recirculatory loop (bypass loop)