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Table 1 PLSR analysis of on-line data

From: Raman spectroscopy online monitoring of biomass production, intracellular metabolites and carbon substrates during submerged fermentation of oleaginous and carotenogenic microorganisms

Analysis

Range

EMSC

Water normalisation

Glass normalisation

R2CV (A)

RMSECV

R2CV (A)

RMSECV

R2CV (A)

RMSECV

Rhodotorula

Glucose (g/L)

0.03–52.54

0.99 (2)

2.16 (4.1%)

0.99 (2)

1.78 (3.4%)

0.97 (2)

3.12 (5.9%)

Cell dry weight (g/L)

0.32–18.01

0.99 (1)

0.62 (3.4%)

0.98 (1)

0.84 (4.7%)

0.99 (2)

0.65 (3.6%)

Total lipids (%w/w)

5.57–67.04

0.97 (1)

3.81 (5.7%)

0.95 (1)

4.98 (7.4%)

0.97 (2)

3.84 (5.9%)

Total lipids (g/L)

0.02–11.98

0.99 (2)

0.41 (3.4%)

0.99 (2)

0.38 (3.2%)

0.97 (2)

0.78 (6.5%)

Total carotenoids (‰w/w)

0–12.62

0.88 (2)

1.66 (13.1%)

0.85 (2)

1.83 (14.5%)

0.71 (1)

2.59 (20.5%)

Total carotenoids (mg/L)

0–166.51

0.94 (1)

16.09 (9.7%)

0.91 (1)

19.42 (11.7%)

0.94 (1)

15.70 (9.4%)

Schizochytrium

Glycerol (g/L)

13.86–54.17

0.99 (1)

1.13 (2.1%)

0.99 (1)

1.49 (2.8%)

0.99 (2)

1.15 (2.1%)

Cell dry weight (g/L)

2.98–26.31

0.91 (1)

2.05 (7.7%)

0.91 (1)

2.05 (7.7%)

0.87 (1)

2.46 (9.6%)

Total lipids (%w/w)

10.87–41.50

0.20 (1)

7.71 (18.5%)

0.26 (1)

7.33 (17.7%)

0.41 (1)

6.48 (15.6%)

Total lipids (g/L)

0.32–9.22

0.92 (1)

0.76 (8.2%)

0.94 (1)

0.67 (7.2%)

0.93 (1)

0.68 (7.4%)

Total carotenoids (‰w/w)

0.03–0.39

0.03 (1)

0.10 (25.6%)

0.06 (1)

0.07 (17.9%)

0.01 (1)

0.11 (28.2%)

Total carotenoids (mg/L)

0.21–8.87

0.89 (1)

0.93 (10.5%)

0.85 (1)

1.07 (12.1%)

0.79 (1)

1.30 (14.7%)

  1. Coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square errors (RMSE) of prediction for determination of glucose/glycerol, cell dry weight, total FAME lipids, and total carotenoids, with the number of components in parenthesis (Aopt), for the regression analyses based on three different types of spectral preprocessing. The R2 and RMSE of cross validation are calculated for the models built on the data of the bioreactor with FT-Raman spectroscopy flow measurement cell in recirculatory loop