Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the biological β-alanine route towards 3-HP production using methanol as substrate. The enzyme abbreviations are as follows: PAND – aspartate-1-decarboxylase, BAPAT – β-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase, YDFG – 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase, FDH(V9) – mutated formate dehydrogenase. The three heterologous enzymes required for the expression of the synthetic β-alanine pathway in K. phaffii CBS7435 parental strain are highlighted in red. The NADPH regeneration by FDH(V9) is shaded in purple