Table 1 Two-component regulatory systems based on microbial biosensors coupled with bio-adsorption

Bioremediation

ZraSR (also known as HydHG)

Biosensor

E. coli XL1-blue

zraP-gfp-HydG

Zinc

0.01–1

[66]

CuSR

Biosensor

E. coli XL1-blue

cusC-gfp-CusR

Copper

0.004–1

[25]

ZraSR and CusSR

Biosensor coupled with bio-adsorption

E. coli XL1-blue

zraP-gfp, cusC-gfp

Zinc and Copper

0.05–1

[67]

ZraSR

Biosensor coupled with bio-adsorption

E. coli TOP10

zraP-gfp-ompC

Lead

0.3–1

[68]

ZraSR

Biosensor coupled with bio-adsorption

E. coli XL1-blue

zraP-gfp

Zinc

0.1–1

[24]

Biorefinery

DcuSZ (Chimeric)

Biosensor

E. coli BL21

(DE3)

ompC-gfp

Fumarate

0.1–10

[55]

MalKZ (Chimeric)

Biosensor

E. coli BL21

(DE3)

ompC-gfp

Malate

0.1–10

[56]

AauSZ (Chimeric)

Biosensor

E. coli BL21

(DE3)

ompC-gfp

Acidic amino acid

0.05–10

[57]

Tazl (Chimeric)

Biosensor

E. coli RU1012

ompC-lacZ

Aspartate

0.2–1

[28]