Table 2 Organisms that naturally produce HA
From: Genetic basis for hyper production of hyaluronic acid in natural and engineered microorganisms
Microorganism | Substrate concentration (g/L) | Production (g/L) | Yield YP/S (g/g) | Productivity (g/L/h) | Molecular weight (MDa) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Streptococcus zooepidemicus | Glucose: 10 | 0.95 | 0.09 | 0.0396 | NR | [63] |
Streptococcus zooepidemicus WSH-24 | Glucose: 15 | 6.6 | 0.071 | 0.33 | NR | [99] |
Streptococcus zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 | Glucose: 10 | 2.45 | 0.12 | 0.223 | NR | [3] |
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus ATCC 35246) | Glucose: 20 | NR | 0.088 | NR | 2.4 | [100] |
Streptococcus equi ATCC 6580 (mutant) | Glucose: 80 | 5.5 | NR | 0.344 | 3.8 | [57] |
Streptococcus equi ATCC 6580 (mutant) | Glucose: 80 | 6–7 | 0.088a | 0.47b | 3.2 | [57] |
Streptococcus zooepidemicus G2 (mutant) | Glucose: 40 | 3.51 | NR | 0.251 | 2.19 | [60] |
Streptococcus zooepidemicus (overexpression of genes involved in biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) | Glucose: 20 | NR | 0.075 | NR | ~3.4 | [3] |
Streptococcus sp. ID9102 | Glucose: 40 | 6.94 | NR | 0.289 | 5.9 | [101] |
Chlorella cells infected with Chlorovirus | NR | 0.5–1 | NR | NR | NR | [27] |
Chlorovirus infected with PBCV-1 | NR | 6.3 × 10−6 | NR | 1.6 × 10−6 | NR | [41] |
Chlorovirus with PBCV-1 CV01 | NR | 7.6 × 10−6 | NR | 0.95 × 10−6 | NR | |
Chlorovirus with PBCV-1 CVTS1 | NR | 9.2 × 10−6 | NR | 1.15 × 10−6 | NR | |
Chlorovirus infected with PBCV-1 (aphidicolin) | NR | ~1.0 × 10−5 | NR | 5.3 × 10−6 | NR | |
Chlorovirus with PBCV-1 CV01 (Aphidicolin) | NR | 14 × 10−5 | NR | 3.5 × 10−6 | NR | |
Streptococcus sp. ID9102 (KCTC 11935BP) | NR | 6.94 | NR | 0.289 | 5.9 | [101] |