Fig. 5From: Heterologous production of raspberry ketone in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusionDe novo production of raspberry ketone during wine fermentation. A strain containing the Rhodosporidium toruloides PAL (RtPAL) and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtC4H) as separate ORFs in addition to the P. crispum coumarate CoA ligase 2 and benzalacetone synthase from R. palmatum ORFs fused by rigid linker (Pc4CL2-r-RpBAS) was fermented in Chardonnay grape juice in either airlock flasks (anaerobic) or standard flasks (aerobic) until dryness and assessed for raspberry ketone production via LC/MSBack to article page