Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the relationship between pyruvate metabolism and the aerobic respiratory chain. AceCoA acetyl CoA, BCAA branched-chain amino acids, CIT citrate, CS citrate synthase (GltA), FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide, FUM fumarate, GABA γ-aminobutyrate, Glc glucose, Glg glycogen, GLX glyoxylate, GLU glutamate, G6P glucose 6-phosphate, ICT isocitrate, IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase (Icd), IM inner membrane, KG α-ketoglutarate, KGDH α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, MAL malate, MDH malate dehydrogenase, NDH NADH dehydrogenase, OA oxaloacetate, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, pHi internal pH, PEP phosphoenolpyruvate, PYR pyruvate, Q ubiquinone, SDH succinate dehydrogenase, SUC succinate, SucCoA succinyl CoA; TCA, tricarboxylic acid