High yield 1,3-propanediol production by rational engineering of the 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde bottleneck in Citrobacter werkmanii

Table 1 Growth rate, PDO yield and metabolite profile of the wild-type (WT) and single knock-outs

Strains	Growth rate (h⁻¹)	PDO Yield (mol/mol)	Metabolite concentration (mM)
Strains	Growth rate (h⁻¹)	PDO Yield (mol/mol)	Acetate	Ethanol	Lactate	Succinate
WT	0.33 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.01	38.20 ± 0.83	7.08 ± 0.37	1.14 ± 0.27	4.69 ± 0.14
∆ldhA	0.28 ± 0.02	0.59 ± 0.02	18.30 ± 1.07	0.21 ± 0.14	BDL	4.72 ± 0.08
∆adhE::ChlFRT	0.26 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.01	44.30 ± 2.19	BDL	4.67 ± 0.31	5.93 ± 0.09
∆arcA::ChlFRT	0.13 ± 0.00	0.65 ± 0.01	58.00 ± 1.30	BDL	5.27 ± 0.84	7.09 ± 0.32

C. werkmanii DSM17579 (WT), C. werkmanii ∆ldhA, C. werkmanii ∆adhE::ChlFRT, and C. werkmanii ∆arcA::ChlFRT were cultivated under anaerobic conditions in shake flasks. The values are the average of two experiments with their corresponding standard deviations
BDL below the detection limit

ISSN: 1475-2859