Table 1 Remediation of sites/actual site soils contaminated with PAH in aerobic slurry bioreactors.
From: A review on slurry bioreactors for bioremediation of soils and sediments
Matrix | Contaminant | Remarks | Removal | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | PAHa: Pyrene | a) without surfactant b) Brij 30 | a) 63% b) 70% | [106] |
Soil | PAHsa | - Corynebacterium aquaticum - Flavobacterium mizutaii - Mycobacterium gastri - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Pseudomonas putida - Biosurfactant | 93% | [92] |
Soil Sandy | PAHsa: a) Pyrene (358 mg/kg), b) chrysene (255 mg/kg), c) benzo [a]pyrene (250 mg/kg) | - PAH-degrading consortium - 30% (v/v) silicone oil | a) 19 mg L-1 day-1 b) 3.5 mg L-1 day-1 c) 0.94 mg L-1 day-1 | [40] |
Soil | PAHsa | a) Clay soil b) Sand soil | a) 43% b) 25% | [41] |
Estuarine sediments | PAHa Phenanthrene | a) Mixed system b) Unmixed system - 7 days incubation - 5, 10, 15% sediment load | a) 25 – 40% b) 5 – 20% | [38] |
Soil | PAHa Naphthalene | Pseudomonas putida | 100% | [107] |
Waste sludges | PAHsa Pyrene, benzo [a]anthracene, chrysene | Petroleum waste sludges | 90% | [33] |
Soil Clay 20% Sand 79% Organic matter 1% | PAHa a) Naphthalene (500 mg/kg) b) Naphthalene (5000 mg/kg) c) Naphthalene (25000 mg/kg) | Flavobacterium sp. | a) 96% b) 99% c) 99% | [9] |
Actual site soil | Complex mixture of PAHsa(~13.0 g/kg) | Slurry-phase in the absence and presence of soya lecithin or humic substances at 1.5% w/w | 25% (without agents) 58% (with agents) | [11] |
Actual site soil | Complex mixture of PAHsa (~3.7 g/kg) | Comparison SB, blade agitated bioreactor and rotary vessel bioreactor | SB was capable of the readiest and fastest removal of soil PAHs | [8] |
Soil | PAHa Fluorene | Absidia cylindrospora Maltosyl-cyclodextrin | 90% | [108] |
a) Pristine sediment Clay 9% Silt 16% Sand 75% Organic matter 1.7% b)Contaminated sediment Clay 6% Silt 5% Sand 89% Organic matter 5.1% | a) supplemented with PAHsa: phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and fluoranthene (60–70 ppm) b) PAHsa: phenanthrene (36.5 ppm) anthracene (110.2 ppm) pyrene (350 ppm) fluoranthene (150 ppm) | Rhodococcus sp. | a) 100% b) >98% | [39] |