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Fig. 4 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 4

From: Mucosal immunization with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-displaying recombinant SARS-CoV-2 epitopes on the surface induces humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice

Fig. 4

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 responses in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Concentrations of TNF-ɑ, IL-6, and IL-10 in the cell supernatants were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. (A) Pro-inflammatory cytokines; (B) Anti-inflammatory cytokines; (C) Ratio of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory. ‘*’ indicates the results of significance testing for the epitope groups versus the no treatment group (analysis of variance [ANOVA] test, *p < 0.01; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001). ‘#’ indicates the results of significance testing for the epitope groups versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ‘■’ indicates the results of significance testing for the epitope groups versus SK156 (wild type)

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Microbial Cell Factories

ISSN: 1475-2859

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