Table 2 Overview on the production of ε-PL by engineered S. albulus in fed-batch fermentation

Mutagenesis and resistance screening

 S. albulus 11011A

AEC and Gly resistance screening

Constant pH 4.0

20

4

[48]

 S. albulus S410

–

Two-stage pH control

48.3

6.04

[49]

 S. albulus F3-4

Genome shuffling

Constant pH 3.8

13.5

2.23

[50]

 S. albulus PD-1

Wild-type

Oxygen-vectors addition

30.8

4.4

[22]

 S. albulus FEEL-1

Genome shuffling and ribosome engineering

Constant pH 4.0

24.5

3.5

[51]

 S. albulus F4-22

Genome shuffling

Constant pH 4.0

39.96

5.54

[52]

 S. albulus AG3-28

Genome shuffling and gentamicin-resistance screening

Constant pH 3.8

56.5

5.65

[53]

 S. albulus M-Z18

UV and NTG mutagenesis

pH shock

32.22

5.86

[54]

 S. albulus R6

ARTP mutagenesis and multiple antibiotic-resistance screening

pH shock

70.3

8..01

[20]

 S. albulus GS114

Streptomycin resistance screening

Dynamic pH regulation

60.2

7.5

[55]

Genetic engineering

 S. albulus CR1-ask

Site-directed mutation of Ask

Constant pH 4.0

15

2.14

[56]

 S. albulus PD-2

Overexpressed vgb

Two-stage pH control

34.2

4.89

[23]

 S. albulus NK660

Overexpressed vgb and metK

Two-stage pH control

0.76

0.25

[57]

 S. albulus PD-1-amtB

Overexpressed amtB

Two-stage pH control

35.7

5.1

[58]

 S. albulus PD-5

Knock-out plsI and expressed plsII

Two-stage pH control

23.6

3.83

[59]

 S. albulus NBRC14147

Overexpressed ttm and nys

Two-stage pH control

3.5

2.8

[60]

 S. albulus Q-PL2

Overexpressed pls

Constant pH 4.0

20.1

6.7

[4]

 S. albulus PL05

Introduced PPK-mediated ATP regeneration system

Constant pH 4.0

59.25

7.41

This study