Table 1 Types of AMPs based on structure
Category | Peptides | Sequence feature | Source | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
α Helical peptides | Aurein 1-2 Mellitin Brevinin 1 Maculatins Citropin Buforin II Cathelicidins: -LL-37 -BMAP27,28,34 -Magainins Cecropins | Amidated C-terminus Amidated C-terminus – Amidated C-terminus Amidated C-terminus – Amidated C-terminus – – Amidated C-terminus | Frogs Bees Frogs Frogs Frogs Toad Humans Bovine Frogs Insect | [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] |
β-sheet peptides | Cathelicidins: -Protegrins -Bactenecin Defensins: -α-defensins -β-defensins -θ-defensins Tachyplesins Polyphemusin | Cysteine rich Disulfide forming loop/arginine rich Three disulfide bonds Three disulfide bonds Three disulfide bonds Cysteine/arginine rich Amidated C-terminus | Pigs Bovine Mammals Mammals Gorilla Horse crab Horse crab | [35] [36] [37] [38] |
Extended/ flexible | Cathelicidins: -PR-39 -Tritrpticin -Indolicidin -Crotalicidin Histatines | Proline and arginine rich Tryptophan and arginine rich Tryptophan and amidated C-terminus Lysine rich Histidine rich and amidated C-terminus | Pigs Pigs Bovine Snakes Humans | [35] [39] [40] |