Fig. 5

Proposed metabolism of ethanol fermentation to propionate via the acrylate pathway in A. neopropionicum. Coloured areas designate the following modules: ethanol oxidation (blue), acetate production (green), pyruvate synthesis (yellow), lactate production and acrylate pathway (purple), redox cofactor regeneration and ATPase (red). Numbers in reactions correspond to the following enzymes and reaction ids in the model: 1,2, aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase (rxn00543_c0 and rxn00171_c0); 3, phosphate acetyltransferase (rxn00173_c0); 4, acetate kinase (rxn00225_c0); 5, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR; rxn05938_c0); 6, NAD-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase (rxn00500_c0); 7, propionate-CoA:lactoyl-CoA transferase (rxn01056_c0); 8, lactoyl-CoA dehydratase (rxn02123_c0); 9, acryloyl-CoA reductase (rxn40050_c0); 10, ATPase (rxn10042_c0); 11, Rnf complex (Rnf_c0)