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Fig. 3 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 3

From: Co-cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cooperatively upgrade sunflower seed milk to high levels of vitamin B12 and multiple co-benefits

Fig. 3

Metabolic signature profile of P. freudenreichii NCC 1177, B. amyloliquefaciens NCC 156, and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei NCC 2511 during aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of pasteurized sunflower seed milk. The data shown display the most relevant characteristics regarding growth, the content of vitamins, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and flavor formation. The changes of metabolite levels are given as relative values. For each parameter, the maximum absolute concentration change (increase or decrease), observed among all conditions, was set to a value of 1. The changes of the other conditions were normalized to this maximum to allow a straightforward comparison. All corresponding absolute values are provided in Additional file 1: Table S3, whereby the maximum change, used for the normalization is highlighted. In addition, the starting values for non-fermented milk are shown. The fermentation was carried out at 30°C either anaerobically (48 h) or aerobically (24 h). n = 3

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Microbial Cell Factories

ISSN: 1475-2859

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