Factors regulating cellulolytic gene expression in filamentous fungi: an overview

Table 1 Transcription factors involved in cellulase expression and their binding sites

Transcription factor	Motif	Consensus sequence	Function	References
Xyr1	Zn₂Cys₆	GGCTRRR or GGC(A/T)3	(Hemi)-cellulose utilization	[34, 39]
Ace2	Zn₂Cys₆	GGCTAATAA or GGC(T/A)4 or XAE	Cellulose utilization	[38]
Ace3	Zn₂Cys₆	5′GGCTAA-3′	Cellulose utilization	[61]
BglR	Zn₂Cys₆	unknown	Sugar sensing and betaglucosidase repressor	[65]
Hap2/3/5	CCAAT-binding factor (CBF)	CCAAT	Chromatin remodeling, respiratory metabolism and CAZy regulation	[76, 78]
CreA/Cre1	Cys₂His₂	SYGGRG	Carbon catabolite repression	[87]
Ace1	Cys₂His₂	5′ AGGCA-3′	Cellulase repression	[103, 104]
Xpp1	E-box–HLH	WCTAGW + AGAA	Primary, secondary metabolism switch and xylanase represssor	[111, 112]
Vel1	Velvet	Unknown	Light response, secondary metabolism response, (a)sexual development	[121, 122, 124]
Pac1	Cys2His2	GCCARG	Alkaline pH response	[132, 133]
Clr1, Clr2	Cys₂His₂	Unknown	Light dependent xylan and pectin utilization	[136,137,138]
Rxe1	Cys₂His₂	Unknown	Cellulose utilization	[144]
Are1	Unknown	GATA	Protease and cellulase production	[145]
Ctf1	Unknown	5′‐GTTGYAHGAGGG‐3′	Cellulase repressor	[146]
Crz1	Unknown	5′‐[T/G]GGCG‐3′ or 5′‐GGGC [G/T]‐3′	Ca2 + /calmodulin‐calcineurin‐mediated cellulase utilization	[148]
Azf1	Cys2His2	5′‐AAGAAGACAGAG‐3′, 5′‐AAGAAGAA‐3′, 5′‐AACACGGAGGAG‐3′	Cellulose utilization	[149]
Vib1	NDT80-like DNA binding domain	Unknown	Cellulose utilization	[139, 140]

ISSN: 1475-2859