Table 4 Fuel properties of FAME produced from A. caespitosus ASEF14 grown on SM and SWW

Saturated fatty acid (%)**

53.46

43.82

–

–

–

Monounsaturated fatty acid (%)**

16.23

9.62

–

–

–

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (%)**

4.82

10.87

–

–

–

Degree of unsaturation**

25.87

31.36

–

–

–

Density (g cm^–3)*

0.65

0.56

0.86–0.90

0.86–0.90

0.86–0.90

Kinematic viscosity (mm² s^–1)*

3.32

2.62

1.9–6.0

3.5–5

2.5–6.0

Iodine value (mg I₂100 g^–1) *

27.85

30.52

–

120 max

–

Saponification value (mg g^–1)*

142.10

127.25

0.50 max

0.50 min

0.5

Cloud point (°C)*

– 3.59

– 4.66

– 15 to – 5

–

–

Pour point (°C)*

– 10.73

– 11.90

– 20 to – 6

–

–

Higher Heating Value (MJ kg^–1)*

29.80

25.56

NS

NS

NS

Oxidation stability (h) *

27.06

13.44

3 h min

6 h min

–

Cetane number*

78.44

82.32

47 min

51 min

51 min

Concentration of γ-linolenic acid (C18:3) (%)**

 < 5

 < 9

NS

12 max

NS

FAME having ≥ 4 double bonds **

ND

ND

NS

1 max

NS