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Table 1 Major strategies and advancements in achieving and enhancing L-valine production

From: Engineering of microbial cells for L-valine production: challenges and opportunities

Host

Main engineering strategy

Culture condition

Performance

References

Titer

(g L−1)

Yield

(mol mol−1 glucose)

Productivity

(g L−1 h−1)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032

Alanine transaminase deactivated,

AHAIS, AHAS and TA overexpressed

3.5 L Fed-batch fermentation

12.5% glucose, 31 °C, 72 h

31.1

0.28

0.43

[11]

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032

Increasing the expression of ptsG

50 mL shake flask fermentation, 4% glucose, 0.5% maltose, 2% acetate, 48 h

11.94

0.21

0.27

[39]

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032

L-threonine dehydratase and ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase deactivated. AHAIR, AHAS and DHAD overexpressed

100 mL flask batch cultivation, 4% glucose, 30 °C 48 h

10.7

ND

0.22

[50]

C. glutamicum R

Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, CoA transferase, phosphotransacetylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and acetate kinase deactivated. Variant of AHAIS and AHAS expressed

50 mL (flask) Fed-batch fermentation, 4% glucose, 33 °C, 24 h

(anaerobic condition)

150

0.88

6.25

[66]

C. glutamicum ATCC 13869

L-threonine dehydratase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alanine transaminase deactivated. AHAIR, AHAS and the genes lrp1/brnFE overexpressed

2 L Fed-batch fermentation, 12% glucose, 30 °C, 96 h

51

0.47

0.533

[68]

C. glutamicum R

Leucine dehydrogenase expression

Feedback-resistant muntant AHAS

50 mL (flask) Fed-batch fermentation, 4% glucose, 33 °C, 24 and 48 h (anaerobic condition)

172.2 and 227

0.63

4.09 and 4.72

[65]

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032

Deactivating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and quinone oxidoreductase combined with ALE

AHAIS, AHAS, DHAD and TA overexpressed

50 mL flask batch cultivation, 4% glucose, 30 °C, 72 h

8.9

0.22

0.012

[22]

C. glutamicum VWB-1

Applying multiple random mutagenesis

5 L Fed-batch fermentation,

12% glucose, 31.5 °C 72 h

29.8

ND

0.41

[41]

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032

Random mutagenesis and selection

Transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis

5 L Fed-batch fermentation, 5% glucose, 32 °C, 24 h

44.6

ND

ND

[46]

Brevibacterium flavum JV16

Alanine transaminase deactivated,

AHAIS, AHAS and TA overexpressed

3.5 L Fed-batch fermentation,

2.5% glucose, 31 °C, 72 h

38.8

0.37

0.53

[11]

Brevibacterium flavumMDV1

Random mutagenesis by UV and Binary ethylenimine; BEI

12 L Fed-batch fermentation,

12.5% glucose, 30 °C, 64 h

68.8

ND

1.07

[12]

E. coli W

L-threonine dehydratase, Isopropyl malate synthase, ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphofructokinase deactivated (VAMF strain)

AHAIS, AHAS, DHAD, TA and gene lrp/ygaZH overexpressed

100 mL Flask batch cultivation,

2% glucose, 0.3% sodium, 31 °C, 48 h

7.6

ND

0.15

[17]

E. coli W

AHAIS, AHAS variant, DHAD, TA and gene lrp/ygaZH overexpressed in VAMF strain

2 L Fed-batch fermentation,

2% glucose,, 31 °C, 55 h

32.2

ND

0.58

[18]

E. coli W

L-threonine dehydratase deactivated

AHAIS, AHAS, DHAD, TA and gene lrp/ygaZH overexpressed

2 L Fed-batch fermentation,

2% glucose,, 31 °C 29.5 h

60.7

0.22

2.06

[19]

E.coli DH5α

Heterologous introduction of a feedback-resistant acetolactate acid synthase, exporter, redox cofactor balance, two-stage fed-batch fermentation

5 L Fed-batch fermentation, glucose concentration below 5 g/L, 37℃, 36 h

84

0.41

2.33

[57]

Bacillus subtilis 168

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, L-threonine dehydratase, isopropyl malate synthase and transcription factor σ (sigF) deactivated

20 mL Flask batch cultivation

3% sucrose, 1% mannitol, 37 °C 24 h

3.9

ND

0.19

[13]

  1. ND not determined