Fig. 4
From: Metabolic engineering for high yield synthesis of astaxanthin in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae for astaxanthin (3S, 3′S) overproduction [96]. A β-carotene overproducer S. cerevisiae strain was obtained by heterologously expressing crtE, crtI and crtYB genes from X. dendrorhous. Subsequently, crtZ and bkt from the microalgae H. pluvialis were expressed. crtZ encodes for β-carotene hydroxylase which catalyzes the conversion of canthaxanthin to astaxanthin. bkt encodes for β-carotene ketolase which catalyzes the conversion of β-carotene to canthaxanthin