Table 3 Prebiotic algae with specific bioactive compounds exhibiting various health benefits upon precise applications
From: Emerging prospects of macro- and microalgae as prebiotic
Macro/microalgae | Commercial biomass form | Products | Bioactive compounds | Positive health effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorella sp., Arthrospira platensis | Powder | Cheese | Carbohydrates, protein, ω3-FA | Anticancer; lowering gastric ulcers, neurosis, hypertension, anemia, constipation, diabetes, infant malnutrition, | [91] |
Spirulina sp. | Powder and extract | Non-alcohol beverage | Protein, chlorophylls, phycocyanin | Enhanced immunity and lymphatic performance, anticancer and antiulcer property | [92] |
Tetraselmis suecica | Food supplement | Extract | – | Prevention from diabetes and obesity | [93] |
Hematococcus pluvialis Phaeodactylum tricornutum | Powder or flour | Biscuits | Protein, ω3-FA, DHA, EPA, astaxanthin | Antioxidative response | |
Chlorella sp. Schizochytrium sp. Thraustochytrium sp. | Food supplement | Powder, flour, tablet or liquid | Proteins, ω3-FA | Prevent from constipation, satiety induction | [96] |
Ulva, Porphyra, Laminaria/saccharina, Enteromorpha, Undaria, Rhodella, Fucus, Ascophyllum, Sargassum | Food supplements | Powder | Polysaccharide | Immunomodulatory, Antilipidaemic and hypocholesterolaemic | |
Dunaliella sp. Spirulina sp. | Powder | Miso | Protein, vitamins, minerals | Antioxidative response | [98] |
Arthrospira platensis | Oil | – | Carotenoids | Antimicrobial and antiviral properties | [99] |
Dunaliella salina | Culinary condiment with sea salt | Powder | Carotenoids | Antioxidative response | [100] |
Porphyridium | Food supplements | Powder | Polysaccharide | Immunomodulatory, Antilipidaemic and hypocholesterolaemic | |
Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella sp. | Powder or flour | Bread and cookies | Protein, vitamins, minerals | Reduction in cholesterol and fat levels, satiety induction | [101] |
Gracilaria, Cladosiphon, Monostroma, Capsosiphon, Kappaphycus, Furcellaria, Soliera | Food supplements | Powder | Polysaccharide | Immunomodulatory | |
Haematococcus pluvialis | Food supplement | Capsules | Astaxanthin | UV protection, anticoagulatory & anti-inflammatory effects, immunity modulation, improve cardiovascular health | [102] |
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. | Powder and extract | Milk | Proteins, ω-3FA, EPA, DHA | Reduced onset of anemia | [103] |
Chlorella, Phaedactlylum, Gyrodinium, | Food supplements | Powder | Polysaccharide | Immunomodulatory |