Table 1 Prebiotic role of various algae strains on growth promotion of probiotics and related health improvements

Chlorella vulgaris

Lactobacillus brevis

0.1–1.5%

Improving the probiotic growth, health, product yield and other desirable properties

Algae shortening the log phase, improving lactic acid yield, enzyme activity and acidifying activity of probiotics

[20]

Euglena gracilis

Streptococcus iniae

ND

Development as animal feed, paramylon activity was tested

Immunostimulant activity offered to the animal host

[21]

Pavlova pinguis

Phaeobacter inhibens

ND

Disease management in bivalve V. coralliilyticus

Vibrio sp. infection reduction for reducing the mortality of larval shellfish

[22]

Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis

Lactic acid bacteria

3

Supplementing microalgae in milk products for improving its storage and self-life

Increasing the viability of probiotics in final product but also the sensory attributes

[23]

Euglena gracilis

Bacillus licheniformis

or B. subtilis

ND

Development as animal feed, β-glucan was tested in poultry, cow, horses, dogs, cats, birds and reptiles

Improved the health and immune system of animal hosts

[24]

Spirulina platensis

Lactococcus lactis sp.

1

Supplementing microalgae in yogurt to improve health benefits due to probiotic enrichment

Increasing the viability of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria

[25]

Spirulina platensis

Lactococcus lactis sp.

1

Supplementing microalgae in yogurt to improve health benefits due to healthy bacterial enrichment

Increasing the viability of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria

[26]

Phaeodactylum triconutum, Tetraselmis chuii

Bacillus subtilis

ND

Developed as animal feed, effect of protein fraction was examined

Immune system was improved and intestinal adsorption was increased

[27]

Spirulina platensis

Bifidobacterium bifidum and other

1–2

Feed for animals suffering from disease due to imbalance of insulin and adipose distributions

It helped to adsorb metal ions in animal gut to restore gut disorders

[28]

Spirulina platensis

Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. Casei, S. thermophilus

5–10

Stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria

Three LAB have been improved in their viability and activity, and suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria, improved intestinal adsorption of host

[29]

Dunaliella tertiolecta

Bacillus sp.

ND

Development as animal feed, β carotene effect was tested in shrimp

Improved immune system and disease resistance

[30]

Spirulina platensis, Chlorococcum, D. salina, S. magnus, Chlorella

Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium longum

Stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria

Xylose and galactose in algal extract stimulate the growth of probiotics

[31]

Navicula sp.

Lactobacillus sakei

ND

Developed as animal feed, Oligosaccharide effect was tested

Immune system was improved and antioxidant property was enhanced

[32]