Fig. 2

Fecal Microbiota Analysis among healthy controls (marked as HC), PD patients before (marked as before FMT) and 12 weeks after FMT (marked as 12w after FMT). Alpha diversity indices, including a diversity (Shannon) and b community richness (chao), varied among each group. c Histogram of taxonomic profles LDA score of the gut microbiota among healthy controls,PD patients before and 12 weeks after FMT d Shotgun sequencing of fecal samples during diagnosis using the LEfSe analysis method with representative relative abundance among each group; and a cladogram representation of taxa enriched in gut microbiota among each group. e Associations of gut microbial species with clinical indices: Heat map of the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between 3 clinical indices and associated OTUs (Total = 35; control n = 13; before FMT, n = 11,12w after FMT, n = 11); Spearman’s rank correlation. (HC: healthy controls; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ^&denotes OTUs that significantly differed in abundance in 35 samples (two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05). BMI, Body Mass Index.)