Integrative overview of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their possible applications in COVID-19 prophylaxis and treatment

Valdez-Cruz, Norma A.; García-Hernández, Enrique; Espitia, Clara; Cobos-Marín, Laura; Altamirano, Claudia; Bando-Campos, Carlos G.; Cofas-Vargas, Luis F.; Coronado-Aceves, Enrique W.; González-Hernández, Ricardo A.; Hernández-Peralta, Pablo; Juárez-López, Daniel; Ortega-Portilla, Paola A.; Restrepo-Pineda, Sara; Zelada-Cordero, Patricio; Trujillo-Roldán, Mauricio A.

doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01576-5

Table 1 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies whose structure and interaction with their respective epitopes have been described and based on them classified into the groups defined by Barnes et al. [194]

From: Integrative overview of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their possible applications in COVID-19 prophylaxis and treatment

General view	Class [194]	Binding mode	Binding description	Sub-groups	mAb	K_D (nM)	IC₅₀ (PSV-CoV-2) ng/mL	IC₅₀ (AV-CoV-2) ng/mL	Status	PDB code	References
Overlap with hACE2-binding site	Class 1	hACE2-like binding mode	The binding to RBD in up conformation that mimics the interaction with hACE2		298 (multabody)	NR	28,000 (IgG) 0.11 (MB)	2200 (IgG) 5.7 (MB)	NR	7k9z	[196]
					910–30	0.162	66	180	NR	7ks9	[292]
					15,033	0.3 (IgG)	NR	489	NR	7klg	[293]
					15,033–7	0.039 (IgG)	NR	83	NR	7klh	[293]
					B38	70.1	NR	177	with H4 Protect hACE2 transgenic mice	7bz5	[146]
					BD-236	2.8	37	NR	NR	7chb	[140]
					BD-604	0.15	5	NR	NR	7ch4	[140]
					BD-629	0.14	4	NR	NR	7ch5	[140]
					C102	27	34	NR	NR	7k8m	[142, 194]
					C105	14	26.1	NR	Promising candidate	6xcn	[142, 194]
					C1A-B3	76.3 (RBD)	53	441,000	NR	7kfw	[180]
					C1A-B12	4.2 (RBD)	81.0	62	NR	7kfv	[180]
					C1A-C2	14.1 (RBD)	118	184,000	NR	7kfx	[180]
					C1A-F10	55.7 (RBD)	8	184,000	NR	7kfy	[180]
					CB6	2.49	41.0 (ND₅₀)	36.0 (ND₅₀)	CB6-LALA protects rhesus macaques	7c01	[204]
					CC12.1	5.92	19	22	Protect a hamster model	6xc2	[16]
					CC12.3	8.59	18	26	NR	6xc4	[16]
					COVA2-04	2.3	220	2.5	NR	7jmo	[136]
					CV07-250	0.056	NR	3.5	NR	6xkq	[17]
					CV30	3.63	NR	30	NR	6xe1	[144, 294]
					REGN10933^a	0.041	0.042	0.037	Clinical trials	6xdg	[145, 201]
					S2E12	1.6 (RBD) 2.5 (S)	NR	5.29	NR	7k4n	[223]
					S2H14	75 (RBD) 90.1 (S)	900	NR	NR	7jx3	[178]
	Class 2	Overlap with hACE2-binding site	RBD binding mode in “up/down” conformation, that partially overlaps with hACE2 site, with angle of attack and positioning different from Class 1	Tertiary epitope	BD-368–2	0.82	1.2	15	Protect hACE2 transgenic mice	7chh	[32]
					C110	1.3	18.4	NR	NR	7k8v	[142, 194]
					COVA2-39	1.1 (RBD) 0.1(S)	36	54	NR	7jmp	[136]
					CV07-270	NR	NR	82.3	NR	6xkp	[17]
					DH1047	NR	90	124		7ld1	[294]
					H11-D4^b	39.0	NR	18 nM	NR	6yz5	[30]
					H11-H4^b	12.0	NR	6 nM	NR	6zhd	[13]
					LY-COV555	1.45 (FAB)	12,103	20–49	Clinical trials	7kmg	[200]
					MR17^c	83.7 (RBD)	12,320	NR	NR	7c8w	[249]
					P2B-2F6	5.14	50	410	Preclinical	7bwj	[135]
					REGN10987^a	0.042	40	42	Clinical trials	6xdg	[145, 201]
					S2H13	149(RBD) 119 (S)	500	NR	NR	7jv6	[178]
					SB23 ³	4.9 (Sb23 vs S) 0.225 (Sb23-Fc vs RBD)	NR	600.0 (Sb23) 7 (Sb23-Fc)	NR	7a29,7a25	[250]
					SR4^d	14.5 (RBD)	5900	NR	NR	7c8v	[249]
				Quaternary epitope	2–4 Fab	NR	394	3	NR	6xey	[205]
					2–15	0.114	5	1	NR	7l5b	[206]
					BD23	NR	4800	NR	NR	7byr	[32, 189]
					C002	11.0	8.9	NR	NR	7k8t	[142]
					C104	19.0	23.3	NR	Promising candidate	7k8u	[142, 194]
					C119	10.0	9.12	NR	NR	7k8w	[142, 194]
					C121	0.5	6.73	1.64	Promising candidate	7k8x	[142, 194]
					C144	18.0	6.91	2.55	Promising candidate	7k90	[142, 194]
					mNB6^d	0.56 (RBD) 0.45 (S)	6.3	12	NR	7kkl	[252]
					S2M11	66.0 (RBD) 68 (S)	NR	1.66	NR	7k43	[223]
No overlap with any residue of hACE2	Class 3	No cryptic epitopes	The epitope is exposed in RBD in up or down conformation		2–51	3.6	5	0.7	NR	7l2c	[207]
					C135	6.0 (RBD)	6.91	2.98	Promising candidate	7k8z	[142]
					DH1050.1	16 (Fab)	39	161		7lcn	[295]
					S309	0.3 (RBD) ~ 0.2 (S)	NR	79.0	Fc variant fast-tracked for clinical trials	6wpt	[4, 27]
	Class 4	Cryptic epitopes	Epitope exposed only in RBD up configuration		52^e (multabody)	NR	17 (IgG) 0.2 (MB)	6200 270.0 (MB)	NR	7k9z	[196]
					CR3022	6.3 (RBD)	NR	93 nM	Preclinical	6yor	[28,29,30]
					EY6A	2	NR	390	Promising candidate	6zdh	[13]
					H014^f	0.09	3 nM	38 nM	Preclinical	7cak	[4]
					S304	4.58 (RBD)	NR	> 5000	NR	7jw0	[27]
					S2A4	7.5 (RBD) 10 (S)	3500	NR	NR	7jvc	[178]

AV authentic virus, IC₅₀ half-maximal inhibitory concentration, K_D dissociation constant, MB multibody, ND₅₀ 50% neutralization dose, NR not reported, PSV pseudovirus
^aHuman/IV mice
^bLlama source
^cSybody
^dNanobody
^eNew fusion antibody protein
^fObtained by phage display

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ISSN: 1475-2859

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