New aspects of microbial vitamin K2 production by expanding the product spectrum

Table 1 Metabolic engineering for the production of vitamin K2

Vitamin K2	Host	Pathway engineering	Strategies	Media	Titer	References
MK-7 and MK-9	L. lactis	The MVA pathway, the polyprenyl pathway and the MK pathway	Overexpression of mvk, preA, and menA	M17	680 nmol/L	[42]
MK-4	B. subtilis	The MVA and MEP pathway, the polyprenyl pathway and the MK pathway	Overexpression of menA, menG, crtE, dxs, dxr, ispD-F, mvaK1, mvaK2, mvaD, mvaS, mvaA	Fermentation medium	120.1 ± 0.6 mg/L	[44]
MK-4	P. pastoris	The polyprenyl pathway	Expression of hsUBIAD1	BMMY	0.24 mg/g DCW	[45]
MK-7	B. subtilis natto	–	Optimization of growth parameters	Fermentation medium	12.09 mg/L	[55]
MK-8	E. coli	The SA pathway, the ubiquinone-8 pathway and the MK pathway	ubiCA deletion, overexpression of menA and menD	LGN	290 μg/g WCW	[46]
MK-7	E. coli	The SA pathway	Overexpression aroA, aroK and the feedback inhibition-resistant aroG^fbr		19.1 mg/L	[64]
MK-7	B. subtilis	The MEP pathway and the MK pathway	The expression of menA-dxs-dxr-idi cassette	SYG	50 mg/L	[75]
MK-7	E. coli	The polyprenyl pathway and the MVA pathway	Overexpression of hepPPS and lower expression of mvaE, mvaS and mvK	Minimal medium added glucose	2.3 μM	[77]

ISSN: 1475-2859