Table 2 Effects on E. coli cell by LPS structure modification

Deletion of waaB

Glc₃- Hep₃-Kdo₂-lipid A

Auto-aggregation (+)

[117]

Deletion of waaO or waaR

Glc-Hep₃-Kdo₂-lipid A or Gal-Glc₂- Hep₃-Kdo₂-lipid A

Biofilm formation (−), auto-aggregation (+)

[117]

Deletion of waaC, waaF, waaP or waaG

Kdo₂-lipid A, Hep-Kdo₂-lipid A, or Hep₃-Kdo₂-lipid A

Flagella (−), biofilm formation (−), auto-aggregation (+),antibiotic resistance (−)

[117, 118]

Deletion of gmhD or waaC

Kdo₂-lipid A

OM permeability (+), auto-aggregation (+), biofilm formation (−), antibiotic resistance (−),

[56, 117]

Deletion of waaCF and lpxM, integration of FlpxE

Kdo₂-pentaacyl-MPLA

OM permeability (+), auto-aggregation (+), stimulating activities (−), antibiotic resistance (−)

[37]