Multi-pathogen infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Vigasova, Dana; Nemergut, Michal; Liskova, Barbora; Damborsky, Jiri

doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01520-7

Microbial Cell Factories

Table 2 Studies describing multi-taxon pathogens and their effect on cognitive impairment

From: Multi-pathogen infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Authors, Years	Pathogens	Matrix	Sample size	Methodology	References
Viruses and bacteria
Bu et al., 2014	HSV-1, CMV, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori	Serum	128 AD	ELISA	[15]
Strandberg et al., 2003	HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Serum	383	ELISA	[52]
Strandberg et al., 2005	HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori	Serum	58	ELISA, PCR-based analysis	[53]
Katan et al., 2013	HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori	Serum	1625	ELISA	[54]
Wright et al., 2015	HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori	Serum	588	ELISA	[55]
Renvoize et al., 1987	HSV-1, CMV, Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Measles Chlamydia Group B, Coxiella burnettii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Serum	33 AD	Immunochemical analysis	[56]
Viruses and parasites
Gale et al., 2016	CMV, HSV-1, HSV-2 Toxocaris, Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis A, B, C	Serum	5662	Immunochemical analysis	[66]
Nimgaonkar et al., 2016	HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Toxoplasma gondii	Serum	1022	Immunochemical analysis	[67]
Viruses and fungi
Kuboshima et al., 2007	CMV, Aspergilloma	Lungs	1 AD	Autopsy	[68]
Bacteria and parasites
Gale et al., 2015	Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii	Serum	1785	Immunochemical analysis	[69]
Bacteria and fungi
Alonso et al., 2018	Several bacterial and fungal species	Brain	10 AD	Immunochemical analysis, PCR-based analysis, NGS	[14]
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Pisa et al., 2018	NC	Brain	2 AD	Immunochemical analysis, PCR-based analysis, Proteomic analysis	[19]
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Pisa et al., 2017	NC	Brain	10 AD	Immunochemical analysis, PCR-based analysis	[20]

NC not confirmed, AD samples from patients with confirmed AD

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