Multi-pathogen infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Vigasova, Dana; Nemergut, Michal; Liskova, Barbora; Damborsky, Jiri

doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01520-7

Microbial Cell Factories

Table 1 Studies identifying single-taxon pathogens in samples from subjects with AD

From: Multi-pathogen infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Authors, Years	Pathogens	Matrix	Sample size	Methodology	References
Herpetic viruses
Lövheim et al., 2018	HSV-1, CMV	Plasma	360	ELISA	[23]
Lin et al., 2002	HSV-2, CMV, HHV-6	Brain	148	PCR-based analysis	[28]
Carbone et al., 2014	CMV, EBV, HHV-6	Brain Plasma PBL	93	PCR-based analysis, ELISA	[29]
Redhead et al., 2018	HHV-6, HHV-7	Brain	Cohort study	RNA sequencing, statistical analysis	[30]
Hemling et al., 2003	HSV-1, HHV-6, VZV	Brain	34	PCR-based analysis	[31]
Bacteria
Riviere et al., 2002	Treponema species	Brain	19	PCR-based analysis, immunochemical analysis	[41]
Kamer et al., 2009	Periodontal bacteria	Plasma	18	ELISA	[42]
Beydoun et al., 2020	Helicobacter pylori, periodontal bacteria	Serum	1431	Immunochemical analysis, statistical analysis	[43]
Sparks Stein et al., 2012	Periodontal bacteria	Serum	81	ELISA	[44]
Emery et al., 2017	Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria	Brain	14	16S rRNA sequencing	[45]
Siddiqui et al., 2019	Gingivitis bacteria Periodontal bacteria	Brain	10	16S rDNA sequencing	[46]
Fungi
Alonso et al., 2014	Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Penicillinum, Phoma	Serum	29	Immunofluorescence analysis, slot-blot analysis	[47]
Alonso et al., 2014	Candida sp., Saccharomyces cerevisae, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	Brain	11	Proteomic analysis PCR-based analysis	[48]
Alonso et al., 2015	Candida albicans, Cladosporium cryptococcus, Malasezzia globosa Malasezzia restricta, Saccharomyces cerevisiae	CSF	10	PCR-based analysis, slot-blot analysis	[49]
Pisa et al., 2015	Candida sp., Cladosporium, Phoma, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Neosartorya hiratsukae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sclerotina borealis	Brain	11	PCR-based analysis, immunochemical analysis	[50]
Alonso et al., 2017	Candida albicans, Cladosporium cryptococcus, Malasezzia globosa Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Brain	9	PCR-based analysis, NGS	[51]

PBL peripheral blood leukocytes, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, NGS next-generation sequencing

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