Table 1 The strains used in this study

C. violaceum ATCC 12472

Violaceins natural producer

BNCC

E. coli DH5α

Clone host strain

Invitrogen

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Protein expression host strain

Invitrogen

E. coli BL21(DE3) (tnaA⁻)

tnaA gene was knocked out in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

E. coli BL21(DE3) (Vio12472)

The plasmid Vio12472 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

E. coli BL21(DE3) (dVio12472)

The plasmid dVio12472 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Bm-1

The plasmid Vio12472-vioB-RBSm-1 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Bm-2

The plasmid Vio12472-vioB-RBSm-2 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Bm-3

The plasmid Vio12472-vioB-RBSm-3 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Cm

The plasmid Vio12472-vioC-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Dm-1

The plasmid Vio12472-vioD-RBSm-1 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Dm-2

The plasmid Vio12472-vioD-RBSm-2 in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

Em

The plasmid Vio12472-vioE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BC)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBC-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BD)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBD-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(CD)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioCD-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(CE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioCE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(DE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioDE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BCD)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBCD-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BCE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBCE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BDE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBDE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(CDE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioCDE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BCDE)m

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBCDE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3)

This study

(BCDE)m (tnaA⁻)

The plasmid Vio12472-vioBCDE-RBSm in E. coli BL21(DE3) (tnaA⁻)

This study

Vio12472 (tnaA⁻)

The plasmid Vio12472 in E. coli BL21(DE3) (tnaA⁻)

This study