Fig. 8

Concentrations of biomass and metabolites [glucose, acetate (blue squares), malate (green left-pointing triangles), formate (red right-pointing triangles) and lactate (grey circles)], off-gas carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen of the triple reporter strains E. coli G7_BL21(DE3) (a) and E. coli G5 _T7E2 (b) following perturbation with 2 g L⁻¹ concentrated glucose and simultaneous interruption of air supply for 30 min in aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures with minimal medium in stirred-tank bioreactors at 0.2 h⁻¹ (T = 37 °C, pH = 6.8, initial glucose concentration 20 g L⁻¹). Grey areas illustrate the period without air supply, whereas dashed lines indicate when the pulsed glucose was depleted (around 50 min after perturbation with E. coli G7_BL21(DE3) and around 45 min after perturbation with E. coli G5_T7E2). Error bars indicate triplicate datasets