Fig. 1

Changes in the diversity of the gut microbiota: a–d the goods coverage, Chao1 index, observed species and Shannon index of six groups; e Cluster based on analysis of hierarchical clustering using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean to study the similarity between different samples; f non-metric multidimensional scaling method (NMDS) is to simplify the research objects (samples or variables) in multidimensional space to low dimensional space for positioning, analysis and classification. The samples in the same group are all in a circle, which means that the differences between groups are not obvious, while the non-intersection between groups means that there are certain differences between groups; g PCoA plots based on Spearman distances are colored by time point. The significant differences between groups were calculated by analysis of similar (ANOSIM) tests. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). FC constipation model group, MO mosapride group, DI low dose traditional Chinese medicine group, ZH middle dose traditional Chinese medicine group, GH high dose traditional Chinese medicine group, KO control group. n = 8/group