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Fig. 3 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 3

From: Haemagglutinin displayed on the surface of Lactococcus lactis confers broad cross-clade protection against different H5N1 viruses in chickens

Fig. 3Fig. 3

Cross-clade protection of chickens against lethal challenge with different H5N1 viruses. Two weeks after the last immunization, the chickens (n = 24/group) were intranasally infected with 20 µL of 5 × LD50 of HPAI H5N1 virus strains belonging to clade 1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) (a, d, g); clade 2.3 (A/Anhui/1/2005, Anhui) (b, e, h) or clade 8 (A/chicken/Henan/12/2004) (c, f, i). The results are expressed in terms of the percent body weight (a–c), lung virus titre (d–f) and percent survival (g–i). The chickens were monitored throughout a 14-day observation period (n = 5/group). The data on the virus titres in the lung are presented as the means ± SDs. The asterisks indicate significant differences compared with the PBS- and L. lactis/pNZ8148-Spax-vaccinated controls (p ˂ 0.05)

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