Table 4 Applications of type I and III CRISPR/Cas systems in bacteria, including genome editing and transcriptional regulation

Cas3

C. tyrobutyricum

Genome editing, single- and multi-gene deletions (100%)

[103]

Cas3

E. coli

Genome editing

[106]

Cas3

H. hispanica

Genome editing, deletion and single nucleotide substitution

[102]

Cas3

H. volcanii

CRISPRi, the promoter region (down to 8%), the coding strand (down to 88%), the template strand (down to 8%)

[101]

dCas3

E. coli

CRISPRi (82%)

[105]

Cas10

S. aureus

Genome editing, deletions and insertions

[10]