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Table 1 Production of AQ using engineered E. coli

From: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient production of l-alanyl-l-glutamine

Strain

Deletion of gene

Overexpression of genes

Process

AQ

References

E. coli JKYPQ3/pPE167

ΔpepAΔpepBΔpepDΔpepNΔdppΔproΔglnBΔglnEΔputA

l-amino acid α-ligase (Lal/BacD) and l-alanine dehydrogenase (Ald)

Fermentation from glucose

7.4 mM in test tube in 47 h

100 mM (24.7 g/L) in fermenter in 47 h

[20]

E. brevis ATCC 14234

None

α-amino acid ester acyltransferase

Enzymatic production by purified enzyme from AlaOMe and Gln

83 mM (18.0 g/L) in 1 h

[31]

E. coli SP1/pSaet

ΔpepD

α-amino acid ester acyltransferase

Enzymatic production from AlaOMe and Gln

320 mM (69.7 g/L) in 40 min

[32]

E. coli

OPA

None

α-amino acid ester acyltransferase

Enzymatic production from AlaOMe and Gln

367.9 mM (79.8 g/L) in 20 min

[18]

E.coli p15/AQ10

ΔglsAΔglsBΔlpxMΔglnBΔglnEΔpepAΔpepBΔpepDΔpepNΔdpp

l-amino acid α-ligase (Lal/BacD) and glutamine synthetase (GlnA)

Whole-cell biocatalytic conversion of glutamic acid and alanine

71.7 mM (14.2 g/L) in test tube in 18 h

This study