Fig. 4

Integration of a 12 kb DNA module into E. coli W3110 genome. a The optimized lycopene synthetic pathways in pRC-IS5. b Colony forming unit (CFU, indicated the number of colonies on the selective plates with 34 μg mL⁻¹ chloramphenicol after one experiment of integrating optimized lycopene synthetic pathways into E. coli W3110) and integration efficiency with or without adding arabinose to induce λ-Red. c PCR confirmation of the integration of the optimized lycopene synthetic pathways using primers IS5-Q-P1 and dxs-dxr-P2 for feedforward module (6521 bp), IEB-P1 and IS5-Q-P2 for lycopene synthetic module (4811 bp), idi-crtE-P1 and idi-crtE-P2 for feedback module (3042 bp). M: DNA marker; CK: E. coli W3110; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: colonies from the plates after chromosomal integration