Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population
From: Gut microbial dysbiosis in individuals with Sjögren’s syndrome
Variable | No. of patients | p-value | All cases (n = 21) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | SDE (n = 13) | NDE (n = 8) | ||
Age, years, mean ± SD (range) | 58.8 ± 10.0 (33–71) | 58.4 ± 7.0 (45–68) | 0.90 | 58.7 ± 8.8 (33–71) |
Gender, male, n (%) | 4 (31%) | 3 (38%) | 0.76 | 7 (33%) |
Race, white, n (%) | 6 (46%) | 6 (75%) | 0.71 | 12 (57%) |
Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%) | 3 (23%) | 5 (63%) | 0.40 | 8 (38%) |
Smoking, n (%) | 3 (23%) | 1 (13%) | 0.09 | 4 (19%) |
Past, n (%) | 2 (15%) | 1 (13%) | 3 (14%) | |
Current, n (%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | |
Dry eye symptomsa | ||||
DEQ5 | 10.8 ± 5.0 (0–17) | 12.9 ± 4.6 (5–18) | 0.36 | 11.6 ± 4.8 (0–18) |
OSDI | 37.5 ± 20.0 (12.5–83.3) | 47.2 ± 26.5 (0–77.1) | 0.35 | 41.2 ± 22.6 (0–83.3) |
Dry eye signsa | ||||
Inflammation via inflammadry | 1.5 ± 1.2 (0–3) | 1.0 ± 1.0 (0-3) | 0.42 | 1.3 ± 1.1 (0–3) |
Tear break up time | 4.9 ± 2.1 (3–10) | 7.0 ± 3.7 (2–13) | 0.14 | 5.7 ± 2.9 (2–13) |
Corneal staining | 6.6 ± 2.7 (2–11) | 8.3 ± 4.9 (1–14) | 0.34 | 7.2 ± 3.6 (1–14) |
Schirmer score | 6.8 ± 2.4 (3–10) | 10.1 ± 9.5 (1–25) | 0.28 | 8.1 ± 6.1 (1–25) |
Meibum quality | 2.5 ± 0.9 (2–4) | 2.0 ± 1.0 (2–3) | 0.39 | 2.4 ± 0.9 (0–4) |