Fig. 5

Cultivation of G. oxydans IK003.1-igr3::fdhSCL in a 2 L fermenter with pH control. Depicted is a the oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates (OTR and CTR), the respiratory quotient (RQ, shown for OTR values above 5 mmol/L/h), b optical density (OD₆₀₀) and pH, c dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) and agitation speed, antifoam (AF) agent addition, and period of DOT control (indicated by arrows), d fructose and 5-KF concentrations. The cultivation was performed in complex medium with 150 g/L fructose with 1 L filling volume, DOT ≥ 30% controlled by agitation speed (500–1200 rpm), aeration rate (Q) =  L/min, T = 30 °C, pH_control≥ 5