Table 1 Distribution of protonation states of itaconate in controlled high-density pulsed fed-batch fermentation of U. cynodontis ∆fuz7 at different pH values
From: Process engineering of pH tolerant Ustilago cynodontis for efficient itaconic acid production
pH | H2ITA (g L−1) | HITA− (g L−1) | ITA2− (g L−1) | Total titer (g L−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.9 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
2.5 | 14.1 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 15.0 ± 1.2 |
3.2 | 15.9 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 20.9 ± 0.5 |
3.4 | 14.6 ± 0.7 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 22.0 ± 1.1 |
3.6 | 13.7 | 10.7 | 0.3 | 24.7 |
3.8 | 10.7 ± 0.2 | 13.3 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 24.6 ± 0.4 |
5.5 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 13.8 ± 0.2 | 20.1 ± 0.4 |
6 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.0 | 14.9 ± 0.0 | 17.0 ± 0.0 |