Fig. 2

Gene-set analysis (GSA) during glucose and xylose carbon limitation in chemostat cultures. Top panels a, b Gene sets were defined by gene ontology (GO) terms, which show significant (p < 0.001) differential expression when grown on xylose compared to glucose. c The transcriptome profile under carbon limitation. X-axis specifies the log₂ fold-change (log₂FC) xylose/glucose, y-axis specifies the negative logarithm to the base 10 p-values. Red and blue points reflect the filtering criteria (log₂FC > 0.5 and < − 0.5, and adjusted p-value < 0.01). Grey dots represent genes without significant expression. Examples of several genes, which were significantly up or down regulated under xylose conditions are indicated and commented on further in the text. d Significantly (p < 0.01) enriched GO terms are shown in terms of percentage of genes either up- or downregulated under carbon limitation. The top upregulated GO terms are shown in red while the lower downregulated GO terms are shown in blue