Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications

Table 3 Toxic effect of different NPs in several species of microalgae

Microalgae strain	Type of NPs	Size of NPs	Used concentration	Refs.
Platymonas subcordiforus Chaetoceros curvisetus Skeletonema costatum	Co NPs	30 nm	67.2 mg/L 38.6 mg/L 21.5 mg/L	[154]
Soil alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	Ag NPs	< 100 nm	0–50 mg Ag NPs/kg dry weight soil	[155]
Chlorococcum sp. Scenedesmus rubescens Dunaliella tertiolecta Tetraselmis suesica	ZnO NPs	< 100 nm	0.081–810 mg/L	[156]
Navicula sp. Chetoceros sp.	CoO NPs	< 50 nm	2 mg/ml	[1]
Dunaliella salina	SiO₂ NPs	11–14	0.1, 0.3, 0.85, 2.4, 7, 20 and 50 mg/L	[157]
Chlorella vulgaris (KCTCAG10002)	ZnO NPs CuO NPs NiO NPs TiO₂ NPs Fe₂O₃ NPs	40–100 nm 30–50 nm 30 nm < 25 nm 20–40 nm	8, 16, 33 mg/L 0.5, 1, 2 mg/L 4, 9, 18 mg/L 20, 40, 80 mg/L 22, 45, 90 mg/L	[158]
Dunaliella salina	Al₂O₃ NPs	20 nm	0.005, 0.026, 0.14, 0.7, and 3.8 mg/L	[159]

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