Fig. 2

Metabolic shifts predicted by the GSM for different oxygen and substrate fluxes. a Metabolic fluxes predicted by the genome-scale metabolic model (GSM) of S. cerevisiae iND750 [33]. b An example of the metabolic shifts predicted by the GSM, for a glucose flux of 3 mmol g ⁻¹_DW  h⁻¹. Shift I: increase of \({\text{J}}_{\text{Gly}}^{\text{MM}}\) and decrease of \({\text{J}}_{\text{EtOH}}^{\text{MM}}\); Shift II: increase of \({\text{J}}_{\text{X}}^{\text{MM}}\) and decrease of \({\text{J}}_{\text{EtOH}}^{\text{MM}}\)