Fig. 4
Production of glycyrrhetic acid, β-amyrin, squalene, ergosterol and lanosterol by engineered S. cerevisiae strains. a Cell growth; b production of glycyrrhetic acid; c production of β-amyrin; d production of squalene; e production of ergosterol; f production of lanosterol. Three repeats were performed for each strain, and error bars represent standard deviation; β-AS: β-amyrin synthase; ERG20: Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase; ERG9: squalene synthase; ERG1: squalene epoxidase; tHMG1: truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase 1; AtCPR1: cytochrome P450 reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana, ERG10: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, ERG8: encoding phosphomevalonate kinase, ERG13: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; ERG12: mevalonate kinase; ERG19: diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase; IDI1: dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase; ERG8: phosphomevalonate kinase; BTS1: arnesyltranstransferase; GuCYB5: cytochrome b5 from G. uralensis