Fig. 1
From: Enhanced protopanaxadiol production from xylose by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica
Metabolic engineering strategies for producing PPD from xylose. TX, sugar transporter; XR, xylose reductase; XDH, xylitol dehydrogenase; XKS, Xylulose kinase; TKL, transketolase; TAL, transaldolase; HMG1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; ERG9, squalene synthase; ERG20, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; ERG1, squalene monooxygenase; DS, DMD synthase; PPDS, PPD synthase; ATR1, NADPH-P450 reductase; G-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; E-4-P, erythrose-4-phosphate; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; HMG-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; MVA, mevalonate acid; OSQ, 2,3-oxidized squalene; DMD, dammarenediol-II; PPD, protopanaxadiol. Green represents the overexpressed native genes and red represents the optimized heterologous genes. Three dotted arrows represent multi-step reactions