Fig. 3
From: CRISPR-mediated genome editing in non-conventional yeasts for biotechnological applications
Optimizing strategies of CRISPR–Cas9 system in genome editing of non-conventional yeasts. a The Ku70/80 heterodimer is regulatory DNA-binding subunits of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is the main component of the NHEJ system in eukaryotes. Knockout the Ku70 and Ku80 genes can repress the NHEJ system. b Synthetic promoters are generated by placing the pol III promoter sequences immediately upstream of the tRNA. c rDNA tandem array can serve as target loci for multi-copy integrations due to its high copy numbers of head-to-tail repeats. d The T7 polymerase system (T7 polymerase and T7 promoter) can express the sgRNA and enable CRISPR-based genome editing in yeasts