Fig. 2From: Challenges and tackles in metabolic engineering for microbial production of carotenoidsPossible engineering directions for microbial production of carotenoids. Many synthetic biology tools are developed and implemented to pathway engineering in many microbial hosts to increase carotenoid synthesis. Rational manipulation of synthetic pathway will rely heavily on systems biology to understand the cross-talk between carotenoid synthesis pathway and host metabolic network (a). Carotenoids and crt enzymes are associated with membrane. Membrane structural integrity and dynamics are requisite of cell survival, which restricts cellular accumulation of carotenoids (b). Representative structure of CrtI protein (PDB: 4DGK) is visualized by using NGL viewerBack to article page