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Table 3 A selection of heterologous proteins secreted by Gram-negative bacteria

From: Developing Gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of heterologous proteins

Secretion system

Mechanism

Secretion product

Product type

Extracellular titer

References

Type I

HlyA

scFv

Antibody

2 mg/L

[68]

Type I

HlyA

CGTase

Industrial

0.58 mg/L

[124]

Type I

HlyA

Cutinase

Industrial

334 U/mL

[69]

Type I

HlyA

Interferon alpha 2

Therapeutic

6 mg/L

[37]

Type I

TliDEF, HlyA

Lipase

Industrial

8450 U/mL, 3 mg/L

[37,61]

Type I

TliDEF

Metalloprotease

Industrial

789 mg/L

[62]

Type I

TliDEF

Endo-β-1,4-mannanase

Industrial

4.65 mg/L

[75]

Type II and generalized two-step

TatExpress

hGH

Therapeutic

30 mg/L

[60]

TatExpress

scFv

Antibody

N/A*

[60]

Type II and generalized two-step

Periplasmic expression via SRP

IgG

Antibody

236.5 mg/L

[96]

Type II and generalized two-step

Leaky OM

Human parathyroid hormone

Therapeutic

680 mg/L

[36]

Type II and generalized two-step

Leaky OM

Fab

Antibody

6 g/L

[125]

Type II and generalized two-step

Leaky OM

IFN-α

Therapeutic

N/A*

[95]

Type II and generalized two-step

Unknown, Cel-CD fusion

CGTase

Industrial

637.4 U/ml, 348 mg/L

[34, 104]

Type II and generalized two-step

Cel-CD fusion

Carbohydrate binding domain

Industrial

348 mg/L

[34]

Type II and generalized two-step

Cel-CD fusion

Neuritin

Therapeutic

211 mg/L

[34]

Type II and generalized two-step

YebF

α-amylase

Industrial

150 µmol glucose/min/mg protein

[54]

Type II and generalized two-step

YebF

Interleukin-2

Therapeutic

43,800 U/mL

[101]

Type II and generalized two-step

YebF

NanH2 Sialidase

Therapeutic

N/A*

[126]

Type II and generalized two-step

OsmY

Human leptin

Therapeutic

250 mg/L

[102]

Type II and generalized two-step

OsmY

Osteopontin

Therapeutic

3.6 mg/L

[100]

Type III

Flagellar

Interferon alpha 2

Therapeutic

0.6 mg/L

[50]

Type III

Flagellar

Lipase

Industrial

~420 U/L

[127]

Type III

Flagellar

Enfuvirtide

Therapeutic

13.4 mg/L

[128]

Type III

Flagellar

Apical membrane antigen 1

Therapeutic

N/A*

[89]

Type III

Flagellar

δ-SVIE

Therapeutic

N/A*

[89]

Type III

Flagellar

MrVIA

Therapeutic

N/A*

[89]

Type III

Flagellar

NCR peptide

Therapeutic

N/A*

[89]

Type III

Injectisome

Spider silk monomer

Material

14 mg/L

[27]

Type III

Injectisome

Elastin

Material

20 mg/L

[27]

Type III

Injectisome

Resilin

Material

20 mg/L

[27]

Type V

Type V

Pertactin

Therapeutic

1 mg/L

[39]

Type V

Type V

Ag85B

Therapeutic

N/A*

[39]

Type VIII

Type VIII

sdAb

Antibody

N/A*

[114]

Type VIII

Type VIII

Cecropin A

Therapeutic

294 mg/L (after purification)

[115]

Type VIII

Type VIII

Mussel foot protein

Material

N/A*

[117]

  1. *The study did not report secretion titer