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Table 2 Features of Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems to consider when selecting a production platform

From: Developing Gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of heterologous proteins

Secretion system

Number of steps

Secretion tag cleavage

Pathogenic origin

Access to folding chaperones

Secretion system induction scheme

Type I

One

No

Yes

No

Synthetic

Type II

Two

Unknown

Yes

Yes

Constitutive

Leaky membrane

Two

No tag needed

No

Yes

Constitutive

Unknown mechanism

Two

No

No

Yes

Constitutive

Type III

One

No

Yes

No

Synthetic

Type V

Two

Partial

Yes

Yes, but unfolded for transport across OM

Synthetic

Type VIII

Two

No

Yes

Yes

Synthetic