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Fig. 4 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 4

From: Biomass from microalgae: the potential of domestication towards sustainable biofactories

Fig. 4

Potential traits to be implemented in GM—C. reinhardtii cell. The diagram displays a number of genetic strategies, aimed to enhance productivity in mass culture of microalgae. Gene over-expression (OE) using hydrid promoters or viral cis-acting elements and gene disruption/down-regulation (KO/KD) by Crispr–Cas9 and RNAi approaches are indicated. Some traits that may result in higher productivity include an increased photosynthetic efficiency, improved phototaxis, the use of non-canonical substrates, and optimized carotenoid, lipid and isoprene metabolism. Up- and down-ward pointing arrow mean up- and down-regulation, respectively, and are referred to the expression level of the corresponding endogenous enzyme. Bulb and red cross mean enzymatic in vitro improvement and loss of function, respectively. Abbreviations: Chl-f S chlorophyll f synthase, CWDE cell-wall degrading enzyme, FTSY chloroplast signal recognition particle, GL gametolysin signal peptide, HS hydrocarbon-synthase, HUP1 hexose-proton symporter, LHC light harvesting complexes, ME malate dehydrogenase, ML multifunctional lipase, NAB1 RNA-binding protein, PHY D phytoene desaturase, PHY S phytoene synthase, PS patchoulol synthase, PTXD phosphite dehydrogenase, β-PS β-phellandrene synthase, TF transcription factor, TLA1 truncated light-harvesting antenna 1, ZEP zeaxanthin epoxidase

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